Sustainable Transport and Transport Planning Assignment

Sustainable Transport and Transport Planning - Assignment Example These ever increasing numbers have raised a major concern in many local transport development offices and especially the one in Nottingham. The current innovation and construction of the Nottingham Express Transit Phase Two is something to marvel at but a question still remains, will it solve the current traffic issues? Trams have been offering reliable transportation for quite a while now and they will remain a tool of choice for the ordinary commuter. However, the dream to own a car always lingers in each commuter owing to the fact that everyone would like to be picked from their houses and taken to their destinations at their own will. The construction of the transit lines is guaranteed to reduce traffic congestion within the main city center but it does not necessarily mean that people will stop buying cars. The fact that people will always buy cars means that the local civil engineers will have to accommodate this factor while designing and implementing the construction of the t ransit lines. This means that apart from creating enough room for the trams, the engineers will also have to create enough room for the personal cars as well as commercial vehicles. ... Among the three, the problem of road maintenance takes the top spot due to the huge number of road accidents witnessed every year. Sustainable development in this sector requires the promotion of cooperation between social progress, environmental protection and economic efficiency. Recent technologies have shown us that it is however, very possible to drive around on cleaner energy such as the one used in modern electric cars all in an effort to protect the environment. Most people will agree that over-reliance on automobile is related to unsustainable urban environments. The use of vehicles is indeed one of the largest sources of pollution globally and if not controlled stands to destroy the environment that we live in (CEE, 2011). However, there exists quite a number of alternatives to automobile transport that are much safer and more reliable in terms of sustaining the environment. The use of water transport and trains is deemed to reduce the use of cars and guaranteed to provide a much faster way of moving from one point to another especially in inter-city transportation. This can also prove to be a great way to control the traffic situation in big cities apart from offering cheap and reliable transport for both small and large cargo. In as much as the construction of additional tram transit lines will bring the sought after relief, there will still be need to outsource additional means of transport to curb the rising automobile use within Nottingham. The local authorities can implement the following alternatives among others: Use of Bicycles: this is among one of the best sustainable alternatives that can actually save the city a lot of money in terms of maintenance costs and fuel prices as well as promoting green energy (Bourne, 2003). Carpooling

A Review on Lifeboat Ethics Essay Example for Free

A Review on Lifeboat Ethics Essay Lifeboat ethics: the case against helping the poor is a famous essay written by Garret Hardin, a human ecologist in 1974. This article aims to re examine the lifeboat ethics which was developed by the author to support his controversial proposal. In the theory, the world is compared to a lifeboat with a carrying capacity of 60. There are totally 50 people on board, representing comparatively rich nations, while the 100 others swimming in the ocean outside the lifeboat stands for the poor nations. To solve the dilemma of whether the swimmers should be allowed to climb aboard at the risk of lifeboat’s safety, Hardin suggested that no admission should be granted to boat, or to interpret it in a straight way, no humanitarian aids should be offered to the poor countries. Regardless of the additional factors which the author took into consideration from the real world in the essay, in my opinion, the basic metaphor itself is questionable. Firstly, the status of the lifeboat is not an accurate reflection of reality. Arguably, natural resources of the earth are finite, however, this does not equal to the scarcity of resources in the control of the rich nations. On the contrary, nowadays in the developed countries, what the rich have used is out of proportion to their actual needs, which not only leads to colossal waste each year but also creates disposal problems. A familiar example is the popularity of losing weight among the western world, which is not solely a way of pursing beauty but also a clear indication of the growing number of obese people who consume food excessively. In contrast, in the third world especially poverty-stricken nations like Ethiopia, millions of people are filled with untold suffering. They drag themselves on the street from day to day, begging for only a slice of stale bread. Due to the unfair distribution of resources caused by the affluent people’s favorable political position, most rich nations currently obtain more than enough resources and they are still casting their greedy eyes on the untapped poor regions. In the light of the facts above, in the lifeboat metaphor people on board actually occupy  more room than normal and the real carrying capacity of a lifeboat is more than 60. With no admission given to those swimmers who are in need, the room is not allocated to each according to his needs, a principle the author cited in explanation of the rationale behind the lifeboat ethics. The second doubtful point is related to Hardin’s computation of conscience. In defense of the survivors’ guilt arising from not helping the poor, he claimed that â€Å"the net result of conscience-stricken people giving up their unjustly held seats is the elimination of that sort of conscience from the lifeboat†. He defined guilty about one’s good luck as a type of conscience and the newcomer’s lack of guilt about the rich people’s loss as conscience drain; but the author deliberately omitted the morality of rich people’s indifference to the poor asking for help. Counting the negative effects on total conscience in the lifeboat if no rescue is attempted, the final solution to the lifeboat dilemma might be changed. Essentially, the author’s negligence of social injustice against impoverished people and the ethical issue indifference is just a result of his bias for the rich countries. To improve the general population quality, the author repeatedly emphasized the necessity of reproduction control in poor nations and increasing the proportion of rich nation’s population. This suggestion in fact is based on the assumption that the people in rich nations are innately superior to their counterparts in poor countries, which is an apparent violation of the creed that everyone is born equal. In conclusion, the poor people should not be the sacrifice of the population growth in the developed regions. Logic and rigorous as the essay Lifeboat ethics: the case against helping the poor may appear to be, the author wrote more on behalf of the countries on board, group of which he belonged to. The author urged people to get rid of sentiment and make rational decisions, but ironically he himself deceived his mind with prejudice and sense of superiority.

Saint Juliana of Nicodemia Essay Example for Free

Saint Juliana of Nicodemia Essay The saint I chose for Confirmation is Saint Juliana of Nicomedia. A saint is a person who lived a moral, compassionate, and holy life who can be a role model to Catholics. You are supposed to choose a saint for Confirmation because you need someone to look up to for support. During tough times, you could ask for assistance through your journey of life. Saint Juliana lived in Nicomedia during the rule of Diocletion. This ruler was inflicted much persecution on people of different religions and had ery cruel punishments established. Both of Juliana’s parent were pagans and betrothed her to the senator, Eleusius. Juliana denied strongly for she was a bride of Christ and always worshiped secretly away from her parents and fiance. Her love for Christ persisted and Eleusius at last found out about her secret faith. He constantly asked her to turn away from Christ and accept his proposal, for the government would get to her and kill her. Her parent pleaded but Juliana’s love for Christ persisted. Finally the government got involved and Juliana was tortured endlessly in all sorts of cruel ways. In the end, she got beheaded. Juliana suffered Christian martyrdom and is usually represented with a devil whom she leads by a chain. I chose Saint Juliana because of her relentless mindset. She was never ashamed of her faith. Juliana was taken to her limit in all she did for Christ. She was tortured, killed, and persecuted all for her faith. I ask her to give me courage and strength when people question my faith.

Network Installation in Corporate Company

Network Installation in Corporate Company [Mohammed Abdulmalik] Network Installation in Corporate Company Our project is to have an idea about the network structure of Noviasat Company and we are going to meet the head of IT department. We are going to ask him about the companys network structure, network components, tools, number of employees ,number of servers ,routers, switches ,cables and the cost of the network, class of the IP addresses ,duration of setting up the company network, number of technicians and engineers who worked in installing the network, number of company branches. After that we are going to take some pictures of the most important components. Finally, well simulate it on packet tracer. Information and communication are two of the most important strategic issues for the success of every enterprise. While today nearly every organization uses a substantial number of computers and communication tools (telephones, fax, and personal handheld devices), they are often still isolated. While managers today are able to use the newest applications, many departments still do not communicate and much needed information cannot be readily accessed. To overcome these obstacles in an effective usage of information technology, computer networks are necessary. They are a new kind (one might call it paradigm) of organization of computer systems produced by the need to merge computers and communications. At the same time they are the means to converge the two areas; the unnecessary distinction between tools to process and store information and tools to collect and transport information can disappear. Computer networks can manage to put down the barriers between information held on sever al (not only computer) systems. Only with the help of computer networks can a borderless communication and information environment be built. 1.1. What is the problem? 1.2. What will you do to solve it? Our expectation that it has three branches and each branch has a router and switch. We think each branch has thirty employees. A single server for each branch, we have a feeling that they are using cat5e for the local networking. We guess the cost of the entire network is 300 S.R. We think they use IPV6 and setting up the network took two weeks for each branch by two engineers and three technicians. 2.1. Our expectations on Packet Tracer Figure 1: Topology       As we see in Figure 1, there is numbers representing things and lets begin with number (1) which is Jeddah branch consists of a router, a switch, DHCP server and 90 user end devices. Numbers (2 and 4) are the cables for connecting two different networks and its called Serial cable. Number (3) is the Riyadh branch and its the head quarter of the company consists of 100 user end devices, switch router, and DHCP,DNS services in the same server. Number (5) is the Dammam branch consists of a router, a switch, DHCP server and 70 user end devices. Numbers (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11) are the local network cables called straight through cables which used between different devices. 3.1. What we discovers after the meeting They have 150 employees in the main branch (Riyadh) other ones in Jeddah and Dammam. They have 6 serves. Some servers can do role of two servers (actual and Virtual) servers at the same time. They use 3 routers in each city and Riyadh branch uses Core switch which works in layer 3 as a router and switch at the same time. There are two switches for each branch. The other Riyadh branch connects to the network through the web to the main branch database. The provider cables are Fiber optic cables connected to the Fire wall of the company and the company branches uses Cat6 for local networking. The cost of the main building is S.R 600,000 and took 10 week to set up the network. It was done by a technician and an engineer. The protocol is RIP because the number of routers in the range of 1-15. Figure 2: Server room   Ã‚   This is the server room where the server is located and as you can see it must have an AC to keep the server room cold because the heat will absolutely affect the server performance negatively. Figure 3: Server rack This is the server rack where the server has to be in order to provide the server with Power, ventilation and protection. Figure 4: working environment As you can see this is the working environment of Noviasat company and this is the IT department and it consists of partitions for employees and rooms for meetings and supervisors. Figure 5: employees desk This is a picture of one of the employees desk, as you can see for each staff there are a PC and a VOIP telephone. Figure 6: routers and switches rack This is the rack of routers and switches as you can see many CAT6 cables are connected to the switch .all the cables are called backbone. 3.2. Noviasat network structure As you can see in Figure 7, the company has three branches consist of many routers,switches,servers, and end devices and we will explain in details how we did this network and how to configure the routers and switches below. 3.3. Configuration 3.3.1. Riyadh site Figure 8: Configuring the interface We have to setup a network in Riyadh by configuring the router by writing the command enable.After that we name the router by writing the command hostname Riyadh. Then, we enter into the interface mode by writing interface fast Ethernet 0/30 and assign the shown IP in Figure 8 and also the default subnet mask in this case 255.0.0.0.To activate the port you must write No shutdown. start with link between network with crossover cable.Hint:crossover link is between siimilar devices like , router and router.We enter the port mode it has to be assigned with a unique Network IP.We started with Riyadh router   and assign it an IP address. Figure 9: commands to connect to Dammam In this part we assign an IP and subnet mask and activate Riyadh router particularly   on the   port which will link Dammam router. Figure 10: Telephone service commands Here we go into the telephone service to add the number of VOIP telephones. In addition we assign the source IP address which is the network default gateway. Figure 11: Assign numbers to VOIP In this part we first, enter the telephone service mode. Second, we check the number of VOIP telephones on our network and then assign numbers for VOIP telephones. Figure 12: IP configuration Figure 12 is on DHCP server. DHCP server STANDS for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol and it is automatically assigns an IP for each device on the network. So, whenever a new device is added to the network the DHCP will automatically assign IP for that device. As you can notice in Figure 12 we assign the IP statically for it. Figure 13: DHCP server services In this part we choose the service for the server which will be in our case DHCP. After that we assign a name, default gate for the network, start IP address so we assigned the first device IP will get the following IP 192.168.2.6. In addition, we put 250 as maximum number of devices that it can assign IP for. Finally, we start the server by writing command (No shutdown) or press on. Quantity Item Price 3 C2811-VSEC-CUBE/K9 $5000(15000) 6 WS-C2950-24 $1000(6000) 12 for the Enterprise edition(five client access licenses, or CALs)3 pcs $4000(48000) 450 DELL-DESKTOP $500(225,000) 5000m 5FT CAT6 CABLE $1(5000) 12 Cisco VOIP telephone $120(1440) 3 DNS $4000(12000) 3 DHCP server Start from $3500(10.500) print serving as little as 1GB to 2GB of RAM, fewer than 25 users and 500GB to 1TB of RAID The total cost is more than $322,940= 1,1227,172Million S.R 5.1. Problem faced in our project After we finished our project network everything is working properly and when we ping from any device to any other one it sends successfully also pinging between any IP phones to another is successfully ping and calling but, we discovered that there is calling issue occurred between Dammam and Riyadh when call it fails but when you call between Jeddah and Dammam it calls, From Riyadh to Jeddah calling is success But from Jeddah to Riyadh it fails. If we just define only two networks for example Dammam and Riyadh they call each other and we asked many teacher and we repeated the network twenty times and we also contacted our old teacher besides watching videos and we still working on it we will inform you once we get the solution .We think packet tracer doesnt support VOIP between three networks. 5.2. Solution Further development First, we noticed that Riyadh network has taken a lot of time .The network could have taken shorter time to be installed by increasing the number of technicians. Second, when we visited the company we noticed there are no safety tools. Moreover, in our opinion for cost reduction instead of getting connection cables from STC they could have used Web for connecting to the company database so, the employee can login from his pc and will have certain permissions and access. By allowing them to use web for connecting with each other they wont relying on routers to avoid connection problems between cities. In short, Noviasat network structure is consisting of several servers switches and routers from cisco. Moreover, we appreciate this aprtuniry interviewing the Head of IT department and we benefit from it and knew how long a company network would cost and we had an idea what problem we could face in the future. We had the chance to know even more about VOIP and how it works and the benefits of using it in a network. In addition we discovered that you can have multiple server roles in one server rack. Moreover, we had an idea what the most important servers of a network are. http://www.smallbusinesscomputing.com/buyersguide/article.php/10729_3887721_2/Buyers-Guide-How-to-Buy-a-Small-Business-Server.htm

Lisa Fraziers The Pact :: Lisa Frazier The Pact

Lisa Frazier's The Pact My father's family lived in New Jersey when my dad and his three brothers were just blooming adolescents. Their parents were the product of the cocktail generation, and the Irish tendency towards alcoholism was augmented by that social niche. Despite the arguments and drinking, Mary and Jack wanted to make sure their children got the best possible education. The boys were sent to Catholic schools, and once they graduated were forcefully directed down a collegiate path. The brothers gave each other support throughout the years, but what they did with that support behind them was up to each individual. All four of the brothers went on to higher education, but their choices there and the lives they'd lead thereafter were all rather different. The doctors in the Pact, a book about close friends using a promise to unite the and motivate eachother to succeed, grew up where my father and his brothers did, but in a very different time. Much like my father's family, they were to face their own individual obstacles and make their way to higher education and their lives beyond. Both had parents with little money and received the best education that could be provided, and both would face elements in their lives that could change it. Before further comparison the lives of Tom, Bill, Pat, and Tim should be discussed. My father, Tom, was the eldest brother and was the first to attend college. He had been an alter boy in high school and a football player. When it came time for him to attend college he chose Millersville University . There he played football and was well known as a student who knew how to throw a party. Two years into his college career he decided to go into the navy. After serving his time there he went back to Millersville only to drop out near the beginning of his senior year because he found college to be â€Å"boring†. To my father there is nothing worse than being bored. His biggest accomplishment in college, as far as he saw it, was when trying to write an original poem in a certain style on one of his English finals, he wrote a limerick instead which went as follows:

Appearance vs Reality Essay -- essays papers

Appearance vs Reality One normally disguises in order to be someone else, whether this be in a costume during Halloween, or as a character in a play or movie. Shakespeare uses the idea of disguise in his ‘Taming of the Shrew’ The minor theme of the play is appearance vs reality. Throughout the drama, things are never really as they seem. Katherine appears to be a real shrew, but it is all a cover-up for the hurt she feels. Bianca appears to be a self-sacrificing angel, but she is really a spoiled young lady who can quickly revert to shrewish behavior. Baptista appears to the outside world as a wonderful father; in truth, he pampers Bianca, totally spoiling her, and treats Katherine badly, depriving her of the loving attention she needs and seeks. Pe...

Great Expectations: Gods Law Vs. Human Law Essay -- Great Expectations

Great Expectations: God's Law vs. Human Law In his book Great Expectations, the problematic nature of moral judgement and justice that stems from a conflict between God's law and human law is one of several topical themes that Charles Dickens addresses. This paradox regularly surfaces in his treatment of plot and setting, and is more subtlety illustrated in his use of character. To facilitate the reader's awareness of such a conflict, the narrator often uses language that has Christian connotations when relating his thoughts and when giving descriptions of the environment, characters and events that take place. While these things allude to divine and moral law, the story itself revolves around crime and criminals, thereby bringing issues of human law into focus. The climate for this theme is established from the very beginning of the novel. Pip's act of Christian charity towards the convict can also be considered a serious crime. The story opens in a churchyard where the grave, symbolic of eternal judgement can be contrasted with the nearby gallows, symbolizing human punishment. Set on the eve in which we commemorate the birth of Christianity, an institution based on charity and love, Pip feels guilty for bringing food to a starving fellow human. Pip must steal food from his own family to help Magwitch, thereby transforming mercy and compassion into crimes. As Pip is running home, he looks back at the convict and sees him limping towards the gallows "...as if he were the pirate come to life, and come down, and going back up again" (27). This imagery conveys a complicated perception of guilt as something conscious of its own moral accountability, frightening and self-destructive. When Magwitch is caught, he gives a false confession to stealing the food from the Gargery's to protect Pip. Joe replies that he wouldn't want him to starve and that he was welcome to it. Pip highlights the conflict between divine and human law by comparing the Hulk that his convict is returned to as "a wicked Noah's ark" (56). Thus in these first few chapters, the ideals of justice, mercy, law, and punishment are intermingled and confused. This confusion is furthered by Mrs. Joe, who actually transforms charity into punishment. Her beatings, bullying and lectures of how she brought Pip up "by hand" at great personal sacrifice are a constant reminder ... ...er. In one short episode, Pip has described himself as a penitent, a prisoner, and a confessed wrongdoer. The conflict between Pip's own instincts regarding morality and conventional perceptions of justice and punishment is manifested as the guilt he is burdened with throughout his childhood and young adult life. Pip accumulates these feelings and attempts to suppress them throughout most of the story. At one point the narrator takes a moment to reflect on his guilty conscience: As I had grown accustomed to my expectations, I had insensibly begun to notice their effect upon myself and those around me. Their influence on my own character, I disguised from my recognition as much as possible, but I knew very well that it was not all good. I lived in a state of chronic uneasiness respecting my behaviour to Joe. My conscience was not by any means comfortable about Biddy. (256) He goes into great debt in his attempts to distract himself from this guilt, and drags his dear friend Herbert along with him (which he also expresses guilt about). His vain attempt to make reparations with his conscience by sending "a penitential codfish and a barrel of oysters